MULTIMEDIA AND SOFTWARE APPLICATION

MULTIMEDIA AND SOFTWARE APPLICATION

THE ANALYSIS PROCESS IN ADDIE’S MODEL

Introduction

            Analysis process in ADDIE’s model can be considered as Goal-Setting stage as all the creator of a certain element will begin with this stage to ensure the flow of their creation going well. Thus, consideration is every certain part about the program or the task such as outcome of the project or the main focus for the targeted participants has been carried out.In analysis process, the objectives of the task and the targets or participants need to be clear and proper in order to build a suitable instruction with proper delivery method.

            Generally, we decided to create an educational instruction website and through analysis process in ADDIE’s model can help us to draw a clearer guideline. This educational instruction website will focus on English language in the form of understanding the function of certain words, practical exercises and tests and the proper pronunciation for the words. Furthermore, this instruction website can help students to have a better understanding about certain rules in English language and re-conforming about their knowledge through variety of explanation and exercises.

Target

            Basically, the targeted students who will encourage toundergo the program will be the secondary school students which is also known as Form 1, Form 2 and Form 3 at SekolahMenengahKebangsaan Sri Mersinglower. For the targeted participants, their typical background such as their age, educational levels and educational goals are taking into consideration to build a suitable educational instructional website. This instructional website has to be presented well to attract the targeted participants and to reach the maximum of learning efficiency to ensure the objectives are reachable.

Approach or delivery method

Since the target audiences are lower secondary students, the content of the website should be suitable with their prior knowledge about English. In order to reach the objectives, the approaches need to be done step by step. We begin with explaining the subject based on topics, followed by intensive exercise, quizzes until they reach the final assessment that will cover all the topics discussed.

To explain the topic, notes based on topics will be given in the form of slides and can be downloaded so that students can access it anywhere. Instead of just using slides, the notes will be delivered in more interesting way by using latest software such as Prezi. For written notes, it can be presented in the form of flash cards and mind maps. Common mistakes done by English learners should be pointed out as that will help students to understand the topic better. Since the teaching and learning process is online, students can ask questions through open forum that anyone can access.

In determining the students’ understanding, graded test will be done. Before that, exercise based on topics will be given. As we are in the 21st century teaching and learning process era, where teachers act as a facilitator, we can facilitate the students by giving those hints about the questions in the exercises. The difficulties of the exercise will determine the number of hints given. Mini quizzes will be given so that students can get the pattern or format of the frequently asked questions.

Students would also be tested on their time management skill as after the completion of repetitive exercise and quiz for every subject topic, students are required to take a final test within certain time duration. The time duration set starts once the students click on the final test’s section. Through this method we could easily detect student’s progress and development under time pressure.

Constraints

            Due to having the need of internet to access the website, students from rural area or any low cellular internet connection would find accessing the website discouraging and inconvenient. Students who do not own any technology like android phones would also find difficulties to engage in this online learning.

Objective and Outcome

Based on the analysis process in ADDIE’s model that we apply in our website, we could foresee that the students will gain a lot of English knowledge and skills through fun and easy learning. Students who are priory weak in English are surely to improve in their English capabilities and for those who are already at average and above average level are certainly to have a stronger foundation of the language. Exercises provided in each topic helps students to avoid grammatical and spelling error during essay writing and exercises in class, thus through redundant practice they would not find any difficulties in striving for their examination. Mastering English more in depth also helps students outside of classroom, they will be more confident than before to use English as a communication medium. They will soon to realize that learning English is actually enjoyable and it is not a burden to learn English.

The ADDIE model is a guideline used by instructional designers to develop instructional materials. There are five phrases in ADDIE model which are Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Instructional theories play important roles in designing and shaping the outcome of instructional materials.

Analysis Phase

In analysis phrase or Goal-Setting stage, instructional problems, goals and objectives are identified. For analysis phrase, designers need to consider about the learning environment and timeline for the instruction materials despite of consider about audience’s needs and previous existing knowledge.

For Pro-Grammar4u.com website, the targeted students will be the secondary school students which are also known as Form 1, Form 2 and Form 3. Students have typical background characteristics such as age, education level and learning environment. For existing knowledge, students should accomplish themselves with minimal requirement and understanding of English. This instructional material will approach the students by providing appropriate and suitable content with targeted students’ prior knowledge about English. Through the website, designers prepared notes, exercises and open forum for the students to give out their opinion about certain topics. For the timeline concept, students need to complete the mini timed quiz and graded test within certain time duration. Students understanding and language development can be tested under time pressure.

 During the constructing of Grammar website, designers found the difficulties to estimate students’ language acquisition level. Furthermore, designers consider about another constraint for students who live in rural area as the internet connection will be limited to access the website and engage to online learning. The objectivesor the outcomes this website, Pro-Grammar4u.com, is to sharpen students’ English skills and find English is fun and easy to learn. Students also can communicate freely in open forum in targeted language to practice their response in giving feedback and polish their confidence in giving opinions. Exercises provided can help students to sharpen their writing and reading skills by discover more vocabularies of English.

Design Phase

            Design phase defines instructional strategy, the selection of the appropriate delivery methods. The instructional strategy will affect the development of domain such as cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Next, the development of prototype and storyboards will be established.

            For Pro-Grammar4u website, designers established their instructional materials by using social learning as media selection. Social learning enable the students to do exercises, open forum and test online with personal computer or mobile phone with internet connection.  The examples of media that designers have selected are flashcards, power point notes, hyperlink that would direct students to videos related to the topic, and audio for speaking purposes. All these Medias are downloadable. This website is a programmed learning where the designers prepare all the questions in sequence and the students need to enter the lesson step by step. This website is using blended strategies in promoting intended language learning, English, as this instructional material contains both active and programme leaning. Active learning occurs when the students communicate with each other through open forum while programmed learning occurs when the students need to take mini quizzes and graded test within certain time duration. In this phrase, prototype such as flowchart and storyboard will be designed.

            As soon as students surf ProGrammar4u.com, students would be greeted with animated narration. The content of the website would be presented to the students once they clicked on the selected topics they favour. This website prepared multiple notes for students before they continue to the next step where students are able to test their understanding and their language ability by attempting exercises and mini quizzes. Students would receive a short feedback based on their performance on attempted mini quizzes. After attempting all exercises and mini quizzes, students are able to unlock the graded test stage and their performance will be graded.

            For behavioural outcomes, the instructional material is able to influence the development of the domain, cognitive, affective and psychomotor. The development of cognitive can be seen through the language acquisition in students when they work on the exercises. After read the notes and work on the exercises provided, students will be able to link the new vocabularies and apply them in the form of English rules. Affective domain included students’ motivation, attitudes and perception in learning. Learning language through social learning can make the learning process become more fun. Thus, students’ perception about ‘English is hard’ will change and they will change their attitudes to learn English in the comfortable way. When they discover the fun in learning language, naturally, they will have self-directedness and motivation in enhance their language ability. Why we need to include the importance of psychomotor domain in social learning? Even though students are just work on their assessment online but they can develop their communication skill by interact with other in open forum. They not only communicate with their mates face to face in targeted language, English, but also can continue their discussion online.

Evaluation Phase

            Evaluation phase based from ADDIE model is stage where it consist of two parts: formative evaluation in which is present in each stage of ADDIE process and summative evaluation. Summative evaluation consists of tests designed for domain specific criterion-related referenced items and providing opportunities for feedback from the users.

            For Pro-Grammar4u website, website designers have come out with step-by-step evaluation process. This is to provide a quick evaluation on students achievement based from time taken for them to complete a full set of exercise or quiz, and the number of correct questions they scored for both exercise and quiz. During this phase, designers collect exercise evaluation data and review the exercise effectiveness. Designers observe students’ performance based on prior prepared notes and exercises, and evaluate if any improvement or changes should be made to deliver a clearer and more effective information. After every quiz attempt by student, a short evaluation would pop out. These evaluation is to give a truthful feedback on their performance, it could be advice on area they lack of and should put more emphasis on, or to compliment students’ performance for scoring on their quiz.

Flowchart

Storyboard